学习构词法基础知识也是非常有好处的，那就是它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词，以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量，短期内记住更多的单词。今天一起来学习构词法的基础知识吧！
英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
●He shouldered his way through the crowd.
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
●We will try our best to better our living conditions.
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.
●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
●The old in our village are living a happy life.
●How long have you lived there?
●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
●Life is full of ups and downs.
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。
●名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf
●动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
●形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point
●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
●名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
●副词+形容词 over-anxious evergreen
●名词+过去分词 man-made sun-burnt
●名词+现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking
●形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going
●副词+过去分词 well-informed widespread
●副词+现在分词 hardworking far-reaching
●形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded
●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied
●数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词 face –to-face door - to -door
●名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk
●副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
●形容词＋副词 everywhere anyhow
●介词＋名词 beforehand overhead
●代词宾格＋self/selves herself themselves
●物主代词＋self/selves myself yourselves
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
●un- unhappy unfinished undress
●dis- disagree disbelieve
●in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
●mis- misbehave mislead mistake
●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage
●inter- “相互”international intercontinental
●re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle
●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph
●auto- “自动的”automatic automobile
●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist
●anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor
●bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
●micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer
●over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate
●self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control
●under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
●-able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political
●-an “属于某地方的人”American African
●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern
●-ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
●-ish “如……的；有……特征的”foolish childish selfish
●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive
●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen
●-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous
●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily
●-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy
●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese
●-ian “某国、某地人；精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
●-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess
●-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement
●-ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence “抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability
●-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval
●-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom “处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom
●-age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
●-fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify
●-en “使成为；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
●-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
●-ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards
●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
●-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth
